Daga Dr. Nasiru Aminu
“Babu al’ummar da za ta kasance cikin annashuwa da farin ciki da jama’arta mafi yawansu talakawa da miskinai ne” –Adam smith
A shekarar 2007 an samar da wata doka da ta tabbatar da cewa dole sai fallen gwamnati da za su amshi bashi sai sun sami amincewa da sahalewar ‘yan majalisu. Wannan dokar ce ta bai wa gwamnatin jihar Kaduna damar samun bashin dalar Amurka milyan 350 daga bankin duniya. Waɗannan kuɗaɗe suna cikin kuɗaɗen da Gwamna El-Rufa’i zai yi amfani da su wajen tsare-tsaren cigaba da kawo abubuwan more rayuwa a cikin jihar. Wannann bashin yana da kuɗin ruwa kashi biyu inda, akwai kashi 3.7% a Dalar Amurka milyan 216($216m) da kuma kashi 2.2% a Dalar Amurka milyan 134($134m).
Tun da farko dai a lokacin da Gwamna El-Rufa’i ya nemi wannan bashin a shekarar 2017 majalisar ƙasa ta yi watsi da wannan buƙatarsa. Sakamakon ƙin goyon da sanatoci 3 da suke wakiltar jihar Kaduna a majalisar dattawa bisa hujjojin da suka bayar na cewa ba a yi cikakken bayanin yadda za a iya biyan bashin ba idan an amso da kuma abubuwan da za a yi da waɗannan kuɗaɗe ba, wannan bijirewar da suka yi ya sanya Sanata Shehu Sani da Suleiman Usman Hukunyi suka rasa kujerarsu domin ba su koma muƙamansu ba a zaɓen 2019 ba.
Bugu da ƙari a shekarar 2020, an sake miƙa wannan buƙata a karo na biyu, abun mamaki wannan buƙata ta amsu, duk da yake shugaban ma’aikatan gidan gwamnatin jihar ya bayyana a gaban kwamitin majalisar dattawa kan amso bashi ya kasa yin masu gamsassun bayanai da za su yarda a amso bashin, da yake an ce mai uwa a bakin murhu ba ya cin tuwo gaya.
Wani abun takaici a watan Satumba jihar Kaduna ce na biyu a cikin waɗanda ake bi bashi a Najeriya bayan jihar Lagos. Rahoton ya nuna cewa ana bin jihar bashin Dalar Amurka milyan 570($570m). Basussukan sun haɗa da Dalar Amurka milyan 15.5($15.5m) na kasar China da kashi 75% naDalar Amurka milyan 350($350m) na bankin duniya. Idan aka kwatanta cikin ‘yan watanni kaɗan da El-Rufa’i ya hau mulkin jihar Kaduna a watan Disamba 2015 ana bin jihar Kaduna bashin Dalar Amurka milyan 226($226m) a kasashen waje. Amma basusussukan cikin gida za a iya biyansu da kuɗaɗen shiga da ake samu na shiga, domin an tara kuɗi sosai fiye da kowani lokaci a tarihin jihar Kaduna.
A shekarar 2015 jihar Kaduna ta sami kusan Naira bilyan 13, amma a shekarar 2019 an sami kuɗaɗen shiga Naira bailyan 44. Wanda kuɗaɗen shigar da ake samu a jihar kashi 50% ana samunsu ne daga gwamnatin tarayya na man fetur.
A halin da ake ciki a yanzu duk wasu aikace-aikace da ake yi a jihar Kaduna ana yin su ne da bashin da aka ranto daga ƙasar China wanda ba da bashin da aka amso daga Bankin Duniya ba ne. Kuma kusan an kashe kashi uku na bashin a hannun bankin duniya. Tambaya ɗaya a nan ita ce, me ya sa gwamna El-Rufa’i ya yarda ya amso wannan bashin a bisa wannan yarjejeniyar da ba zai amfanar da jihar ba, har na Dalar Amurka milyan 350($350m)?
Daga cikin yarjejeniyar wannan bashi akwai wasu dokoki masu tsauri da cewa dole sai jihar ta kashe kashi 78% daga cikin Dalar Amurka milyan 350($350m) a ɓangaren ayyuka na yau da kullum wanda hakan ke nuna cewa jihar dole ta riƙa kashe kuɗi a wajen ga kamfanonin bincike da masu horaswa.
A ɗayan ɓangaren kuwa Gwamna El-Rufa’i ya yi tunanin ya rage ayyukan cigaba na jihar da kashi uku domin cike yarjejeniyar bashin. Wanda a jihar akwai matalauta kashi 43% da kuma rashin aiki yi kashi 40% kafin wannan annoba ta Coronavirus, sanin kowa ne a yanzu wannan lissafin ya haura haka.
Inda za a bai wa ‘yan Kaduna zaɓi kan wannan kuɗi da aka karɓo bashi na Dalar Amurka milyan 350($350m) wanda za a kashe kusan kashi uku a ayyukan yau da kullum, mafi yawa ba za su yarda ba, za su so a yi amfani da waɗannan kuɗaɗe wajen inganta samar da wutar lantarki wanda shi ne tushen inganta lamura da zai samar da ayyukan yi ga ɗinmbi mutane.
Ragowar kashi 22% na kuɗaɗen za a yi amfani da su a manyan ayyuka sauƙaƙa ba wai manyan ayyuka cancan ba. Hakan yana nuna cewa ba za a yi amfani da waɗannan kuɗaɗe ba wajen gina hanyoyi da makarantu da gadoji da kasuwanni da ayyukan samar da ruwa da makamantansu ba. Amma shi El-Rufa’i ya faɗa manema labarai cewa jami’an Babban Bankin Duniya sun ga cewa jihar na buƙatar samar da kayayyakin more rayuwa ne irin su tituna da gadoji da makamantansu, don haka za su yi amfani da waɗannan kuɗaɗe don samar da waɗannan ababe da ake buƙata. Wanda manufarsa shi ne ya rage rashin ayyukan yi, amma kuma a zahiri ƙara rashin ayyukan yi yake yi a cikin jihar.
Ya zama wajibi El-Rufa’i ya shirya yin bayani dalla-dalla kan yadda yake kashe waɗannan kuɗaɗe na Dalar Amurka milyan 350($350m) hakan zai sanya mutane su gane ingancinsa da kuma yadda yake kashe kuɗaɗen gwamnati.
Amma kuma akwai wata tambaya shin jihar za ta cigaba da samun ƙaruwar bashi ne da ake binta a ko da yaushe? Wanda tattalin arzikin jihar yake dogara da shi. Idan Kaduna ta faɗa cikin wannann hali na ƙangin bashi wanda zai yi mata katutu, gwamnati tarayya ce za ta ɗauki alhakin biya kamar yadda yake a bisa doka don fitar da jihar daga wannan ƙangin.
A cikin watan Oktoba 2020, wani rahoton Fitch, mai ƙididdige basussukan da ake bi a duniya da kuma yiwuwar biyan waɗannan basussukan ya sanya jihar Kaduna a cikin ajin waɗanda ba za su iya biyan bashin da ake binsu ba. A rahoton ya duba yanayin tattalin arzikin jihar. Haka kuma jihar ta fi mayar da hankali ne kawai ga albarkatu da ake su a jihar, ‘yan ƙasashen waje su shigo su zuba jarinsu a ciki, inda rahoton y ace a shekarar 2020 an zuba jarin Dalar Amurka milyan 4. Idan kuwa aka kwatanta da jihar Niger da take da saukin bashi an zuba jari daga ƙasashen na Dalar Amurka milyan 16.
A daidai lokacin da aka zuba jari a Lagos da ya kai Dalar Amurka bilyan 8.6 duk dai a wannan shekarar. Rashin ayyukan yi yna ƙara hauhawa wanda suka wuce yawan mutane milyan 8.2 wanda hakan ya sanya jihar ta shiga cikin tasku a bangaren tatalin arziki da kuma ingantaccen gudanar da rayuwa. Wannan abu ne mai matukar wahalar gaske a iya rage basussukan da ake bin jihar.
Amma a ɓangaren gwamna El-rufa’i kuwa a kullum yana neman hanyar da jihar za ta riƙa samun kuɗaɗen shiga sai ya fara haɗa kai da gwamnatin tarayya domin a ƙaƙaba wa ‘yan jihar haraji ta yadda kowani mazauni a jihar zai riƙa biyan harajin Naira 1000 wanda zai zama wajibi ga kowa. Bai yi tunanin sanya wa nasu kuɗi ba ko kuma manyan kamfanoni da suke karbar manyan kwangiloli ba. Babban abun da za a yaba wa El-Rufa’i shi ne yadda ya sanya kansa a makarantan Adam Smith kan yadda ake samun haraji, batun gaskiya koyar da kai ba tare da malami ba ko kuma jagora ba, ba a samun abun da ake nufi. Ina tantama ko karatu zai kai shi ga mafita.
A takaice gaba ɗaya game da bashin da Gwamna El-Rufa’i ya amso daga Bankin Duniya ba zai fitar da jihar Kaduna daga cikin ƙangin da take ciki ba, ɓace ma ya ƙara sanya jihar cikin ƙaƙa-ni-ka-yi. Kuma tunanin ƙaƙaba haraji ba hanya ce mai ɓullewa ba. Kuma a batun gaskiya sakamakon wanna tsare-tsare da El-Rufa’i yake aiwatarwa a jihar Kaduna ba za a san shi ba har sai nan gaba.
Dr Nasir Aminu Babban Malamin Jami’a a ɓangaren tattalin arziki, Jami’ar Cardiff da ke ƙasa Ingila.